1922 (1921) (1923) (1910-1920) (1920-1930) Table of Contents
Sources
Donald M. Cleland A History of the Santa Monica Schools 1876-1951, Santa Monica Unified School District, February 1952 (Copied for the Santa Monica Library, July 22, 1963). 140 pp., 1949, 1933, 1922 See Text
Laurence Goldstein, The American poet at the movies: a critical history, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1994, 272 pp., 1922, 1915 See Text
James W. Lunsford The Ocean and the Sunset, The Hills and the Clouds: Looking at Santa Monica, illustrated by Alice N. Lunsford, 1983, 1943, 1942, 1941, 1940, 1933, 1922, 1921, 1913, 1912, 1880 See Text
Tom Moran and Tom Sewell Fantasy by the Sea Peace Press: Culver City, CA, 1980 (1979) (Originally published by Beyond Baroque Foundation with a grant from the Visual Arts Program of the National Endowment for the Arts), 1922 See Text
Cecilia Rasmussen L.A. Then and Now: In 'Whites Only' Era, an Oasis for L.A.'s Blacks Los Angeles Times, 3 July 2005 B2, 1922, 1905 See Text
Santa Monica Planning Division Santa Monica Landmarks Tour, 2003.
32. Loof Hippodrome, 1916 See Text
Amanda Schacter (ed.) Santa Monica Landmarks Santa Monica Landmarks Commission, 1990.
8 Santa Monica Municipal Pier See Text
Jack Smith The Big Orange Ward Ritchie Press: Pasadena, CA, 1976.
Sister Aimee's Temple, 1976, 1926, 1922 See Text
Les Storrs Santa Monica Portrait of a City Yesterday and Today, Santa Monica Bank: Santa Monica, CA, 1974, 67 pp., 1937, 1929, 1922 See Text
Notes:
The Conservative forces won the 1922 gubernatorial election, and cut back the progressive programs.
Documents
Donald M. Cleland A History of the Santa Monica Schools 1876-1951, Santa Monica Unified School District, February 1952 (Copied for the Santa Monica Library, July 22, 1963). 140 pp., 1949, 1933, 1922
When Miss Rice accepted a position in the Lincoln Junior High School, she was succeeded in the principalship at Garfield [Elementary at Michigan and Seventh] by Josephine O'Leary, who took up her duties in the fall of 1922 and remained as principal of Garfield School until her retirement in 1949. Her tenure was distinguished by much progress, both in point of physical facilities and curricular development. Her effort was tireless, her determination unflagging, to provide the pupils of Garfield School with the best educational opportunities possible. Even in 1922, it was apparent that the building was becoming inadequate for the needs of the school, that pupils were handicapped by insufficient or outmoded equipment, that too little provision was made for "special" classes. [32. Personal interview with Josephine O'Leary, May 10, 1951; Santa Monica, California.] Miss O'Leary plunged energetically into the task of remedying the situation,
Laurence Goldstein, The American poet at the movies: a critical history, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1994, 272 pp., 1922,1915
"The Whitmanian dream of American literature is that space might replace time, that the linkages between place and place-railroads, canals, telegraph lines, bridges-might usurp the time cycles of events as principal facts of everyday consciousness. In claiming that Mae Marsh and her descendants would penetrate every local community and bring them joy and wisdom, Lindsay made their presences one with the "orchard god" Johnny Appleseed, whom he apotheosized in poem and tract as a democratic Christ. The growth of Southern California as a moviemaking center served Lindsay's mythology, for it perpetuated the westering impulse of pioneers who decentered the nineteenth-century sites of American power in favor of the frontier. Lindsay affirmed that "Edison is the new Gutenberg. He has invented the new printing. The state that realizes this may lead the soul of America, day after tomorrow." Los Angeles would achieve in artistic terms what according to Lindsay the Panama Canal had accomplished in 1915; his commemorative poem is titled The Wedding of the Rose and the Lotus. The last westward drive, in Lindsay's own time, had found the most convenient passage to India, and Los Angeles deserved to succeed the European and eastern American cities as the fulcrum of a new world."
James W. Lunsford The Ocean and the Sunset, The Hills and the Clouds: Looking at Santa Monica, illustrated by Alice N. Lunsford, 1983, 1947, 1943, 1942, 1941, 1940, 1933, 1922, 1921, 1913, 1912,
Santa Monica Pier-Arcadia Terrace
"2. The Carousel or Merry-Go-Round. This uniquely recognizable building, built in 1916 as the Hippodrome, houses not only the recently renovated Merry-Go-Round but also a large collection of color photographs documenting the restoration process. The Merry-Go-Round, created in 1922 by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company, includes forty-four hand-carved horses. Initally installed in Cumberland Park, it was brought to Santa Monica in 1947 to replace the horses of the original 1916 Merry-Go-Round."
Ocean Park
"38. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, 2303 Second Street. Situated on the southeast corner of Second and Strand Streets, this church, with its distinctive copper steeple, was built in 1922 and enlarged in 1961."
"62. John Muir Elementary School, 721 Ocean Park Boulevard. Established in 1922 and rebuilt in 1934 following the 1933 earthquake, the school was originally a two-story building."
Tom Moran and Tom Sewell Fantasy by the Sea Peace Press: Culver City, CA, 1980 (1979) (Originally published by Beyond Baroque Foundation with a grant from the Visual Arts Program of the National Endowment for the Arts), 1922
Embezzlement
"Venice was shocked to discover that James Peasgood had disappeared. Peasgood had held the elective post of city treasurer for seven years. An independent auditor had been inspecting the city's financial records when the treasurer's untimely diappearance raised a number of questions.
"When the auditor completed his inspection of the city's books, a number of illegal transfers had been discovered in the financial accounts and a shortage of $19,000 was apparent. A warrent was issued . . .
"The treasurer gave himself up May 17th, 1922 . . . Gambling debts and high living were cited . . .
"Peasgood was sentenced to state prison . . . "
Cecilia Rasmussen L.A. Then and Now: In 'Whites Only' Era, an Oasis for L.A.'s BlacksLos Angeles Times, 3 July 2005 B2, 1922, 1905
"The incident prompted blacks to claim their own sliver of public beach near the Crystal Plunge, a former open-air swimming pool that had been destroyed by a flood in 1905, then abandoned. The area was a polluted, debris-filled spot that no one else wanted. Around 1922, it became known as Inkwell Beach.
"Inkwell offered ocean breezes, swimming, volleyball and a small, black-owned bathhouse called La Bonita, which rented swimsuits to black beachgoers. It was on Pico Boulevard several blocks off the beach.
"(Verna Deckard Lewis) Williams, who was from Texas, loved Los Angeles because blacks had more freedom here than in the South. "You couldn't even go to the park in Texas," she said.
"But it was far from perfect. Most black visitors to Inkwell rode in the back of the Big Red Cars along the Pacific Electric trolley lines down Pico Boulevard to Santa Monica Beach. Williams drove her own little Ford, often filled with the "Joy Girls," her new group of friends."
" . . .
"In 1922, homeowners formed the Santa Monica Bay Protective League to drive blacks out, according to newspaper coverage at the time. "Settlement of Negroes Is Opposed," a Times headline read. The group's agenda, The Times wrote, was "eliminating all objectionable features or anything that now is or will prove a menace to the bay district … or prove detrimental to our property values."
"Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce President Sylvester L. Weaver Sr. urged fellow chamber directors to stop the sale of private beach in Santa Monica before the public found "the ocean fenced off." He continued: "In front of where I have a summer residence … a piece of land has been fenced off and none but colored people allowed. I was born pretty far south to have that in front of my house."
"In actuality, the beach was public; it was merely fenced off, as many other areas were for whites."
Santa Monica Planning Division Santa Monica Landmarks Tour, 2003.
32. Loof Hippodrome, 1916
Foot of Colorado Avenue
Architects: various builders
Designation: 17 August 1976
"The Hippodrome is a California-Byzantine-Moorish-style fantasy that has housed a succession of vintage merry-go-rounds, carousels and Wurlitzer organs over the years. The current carousel was built by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company in 1922. Originally from Nashville, Tennessee, the carousel was moved from the Venice pier to the Santa Monica Pier in 1947. It has 44 hand-carved and hand-painted wooden horses, which were restored in 1990.
"The Hippodrome building was restored during the period from 1981 through 1984, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987."
Amanda Schacter (ed.) Santa Monica Landmarks Santa Monica Landmarks Commission, 1990.
8 Santa Monica Municipal Pier
West end of Colorado Boulevard
Built: 1909, 1917, 1924
Designated 17 August 1976
"The Santa Monica Pier was originally two separately owned, adjacent piers: the Municipal Pier built in 1909, and the Pleasure Pier, built in 1916 by Charles I.D. Loof and privately owned. While the Municipal Pier was for strolling and fishing, Loof constructed amusement and food establishments on the Pleasure Pier, including the exotic Hippodrome building to house the Pier's carousel. Loof sold the Pleasure Pier in 1924 to a corporation which lengthened it that year and built the famed La Monica Ballroom. Although the ballroom was demolished in 1963, in its hey (sic) day the massive structure could accommodate as many as 10,000 people. The City has owned both Piers since the 1950's and, in 1970, assumed direct management. Since the 1970's the Piers have been known collectively as the Santa Monica Pier.
"The Hippodrome has housed three carousels over the years. The first carousel, installed by Loof, remained until 1939, when it was replaced by a carousel that had previously been located at the old Pacific Ocean Park Pier. The current carousel was built by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company in 1922 and was moved from Nashville, Tennessee to the Santa Monica Pier in 1947. The Hippodrome building was designated a National Historica Landmark in 1988. In addition, the entire Pier was named a County Historical Landmark in 1975.
"Other buildings of interest on the Pier include the Billiard Building, constructed on the the Pier in 1923, and the building know today as Sinbad's, originally constructed next to the Billiard Building in the early 1920s. The building remained there until 1929, when it was moved to its present location, adjacent to the site of the La Monica Ballroom. It served as the home of the La Monica Dancing Company and Hoyt's Chesapeake Cafe until the use changed in 1955 to "Sinbad's" restaurant."
Jack Smith The Big Orange Ward Ritchie Press: Pasadena, CA, 1976. 252 pp.
Sister Aimee's Temple
"Angelus Temple Aimee Semple McPherson Founder Church of the Foursquare Gospel"
"Gaudy and notorious she was, but Sister Aimee was also adored by tens of thousands of her followers as the personal handmaiden of God. As an evangelist she was bold, inventive, tireless and courageous, and these were qualities that served her with abundance in the great crisis of her life.
"Sister Aimee was born in rural Canada . . ." p.42
"" I sometimes look back upon those years with amazement, and wonder just how the Lord enabled me to go into new cities, without even an invitation or any earthly backing, search out a piece of vacant land, erect a tabernacle, swing the sledge hammer, drive the stakes, tie the ropes, build the seats, erect the platform, distribute handbills on the streets and paste posters in the windows, hold several street meetings each day and conduct two or three tent services, play the piano and lead my own singing between each testimony, lead in prayer, preach the Gospel, give the altar call, pray for the converts, dismiss them, put out the lights, put the babies to bed and cook our own late supper over the campfire . . . " p. 43 quote from Aimee"
"If it was this tranquility that drew Sister Aimee to Echo Park, she was soon enough to shatter it. Here, in 1922, she built her temple, with seats for five thousand, and added a Bible school and the chateau and started radio station KFSG (Kall Four Square Gospel) with the third radio license ever issued in Los Angeles. . . . services . . . featured Sousa's band, a Wagnerian opera and the burning of Joan of Arc.
"Angels descended. Cardboard waves crashed against cardboard lighthouses. The Devil appeared in person. Heaven and Hell were rolled in from the wings. And the singing, wrote a contemporary critic, was 'stupendous, cataclysmic, overwhelming.'" p.43
Les Storrs Santa Monica Portrait of a City Yesterday and Today, Santa Monica Bank: Santa Monica, CA, 1974, 67 pp.,, 1937, 1929, 1922
"Confronted by the possibility of a development heartily disapproved by the populace, the city council enacted a primitive and incomplete zoning ordinance as early at 1922 and followed with one much more comprehensive in character in 1929."